参考
PetaLinux的JTAG启动
前提准备
软件环境准备
Vitis 环境庞大,依赖多,安装慢
若提前用专用工具将BOOT.bin写入QSPI Flash
生产电脑可舍弃 Vitis 环境，TFTP、NFS 用局域网内的服务器；
生产电脑仅需安装串口终端工具
| Name | 作用 |
|---|---|
| Vitis环境 | 烧录BOOT.bin到QSPI Flash |
| tftp服务器 | 首次启动下载启动各种文件 |
| nfs服务器 | 首次挂载nfs 根文件系统启动 |
服务器目录
TFTP服务器： IP：192.168.3.4 根目录：/tftpboot 文件： zImage system.dtb system.bit NFS服务器： IP：192.168.3.4 导出目录： /home/wpf/workspace/nfs/z8_rootfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)文件准备
| Name | 作用 |
|---|---|
| BOOT.BIN | FSBL+U-Boot |
| boot.cmd.default | U-Boot 启动命令脚本源码 |
| boot.scr | U-Boot启动命令二进制脚本 |
| system.bit | bit流 |
| system.dtb | 设备树 |
| zImage | Linux 内核 |
| zynq_fsbl.elf | 第一阶段启动加载程序 |
| z8_root_fs | 用于nfs挂载的root_fs |
| p2_rootfs.img | 根文件系统镜像 |
| zynq_qspi_program_flash.bat | jtag烧录boot的脚本 |
| copy_all_to_emmc.sh | 拷贝文件到emmc的脚本 |
操作步骤
1. 通过 JTAG 烧录引导程序至 QSPI Flash
使用 JTAG 接口将BOOT.BIN（包含FSBL与U-Boot）写入 QSPI Flash，以提供非易失性启动源。
2. 从 QSPI Flash 启动系统
重新上电，使系统从 QSPI Flash 启动，并进入U-Boot 引导环境。
3. 下载远程tftp里的启动文件
在 U-Boot 环境下，通过网络TFTP下载远程 NFS 服务器上的启动文件：
- Linux 内核：
zImage - 设备树：
system.dtb - FPGA 配置比特流：
system.bit
4. 挂载远程nfs根文件系统并启动
将远程 NFS 根文件系统挂载为系统根目录，实现临时网络启动
5. 对 eMMC 存储器进行分区
进入 Linux 系统后，将 eMMC 分为两个分区：
- 分区1（FAT32）：存放启动文件
- 分区2（EXT4）：存放根文件系统
6. 拷贝启动文件及根文件系统至 eMMC
- 将 NFS 上的启动文件复制至 eMMC 分区1。
- 将NFS 上的根文件系统解压至 eMMC 分区2
7. 修改 U-Boot 启动参数并保存
重新上电后，从 eMMC 启动；在 U-Boot 中修改bootargs指向 eMMC 根文件系统，并执行saveenv保存，以确保系统能够直接从本地存储引导。
文件处理
制作z8_root_fs的压缩包,用于拷贝到emmc第二分区
# 进入准备到的根文件系统执行tarczpvf../z8_rootfs_clean.tar.gz --numeric-owner --one-file-system.z8_root_fs里的关键文件
wpf@minglie:~/workspace/nfs/z8_rootfs/opt$ tree.├── image │ ├── burn_qspi.sh │ ├── copy_boot_to_qspi.sh │ ├── copy_net_boot_to_qspi.sh|├── copy_all_to_emmc.sh │ ├── copy_sd_to_emmc.sh │ └── emmc_partition.sh ├── z8_boot │ ├── BOOT.BIN │ ├── boot.scr │ ├── system.bit │ ├── system.dtb │ └── zImage └── z8_root_fs └── z8_rootfs_clean.tar.gzu-boot 启动脚本 boot.cmd.default
# mkimage -c none -A arm -T script -d boot.cmd.default boot.scr#################ming_mmc_devnum=1forboot_targetin${boot_targets};doiftest"${boot_target}"="jtag";thenbootm 0x00200000 0x04000000 0x00100000exit;fiiftest"${boot_target}"="mmc0"||test"${boot_target}"="mmc1";thenecho" AAAAAAAAAAAAAWPF Booting from SD (zImage)...${boot_target}--${devtype}-${devnum}-${distro_bootpart}"iftest-e${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}/zImage;thenfatload${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00200000 zImage;;fiiftest-e${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}/system.dtb;thenfatload${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00100000 system.dtb;fiiftest-e${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}/rootfs.cpio.gz.u-boot;thenfatload${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x04000000 rootfs.cpio.gz.u-boot;bootm 0x00200000 0x04000000 0x00100000exit;fiiftest-e${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}/system.bit;thenfatload${devtype}${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00800000 system.bit;fpga loadb0${fileaddr}${filesize}fibootz 0x00200000 - 0x00100000exit;fiiftest"${boot_target}"="xspi0"||test"${boot_target}"="qspi"||test"${boot_target}"="qspi0";thenecho"BBBBBBBCCCCCCKYLV1 Booting from QSPI (zImage)...${boot_target}--${devtype}-${ming_mmc_devnum}-${distro_bootpart}"iftest-z"${bootargs}";thensetenv bootargs'console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4 earlyprintk'fifatload${devtype}${ming_mmc_devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00200000 zImage||echo"zImage not found"fatload${devtype}${ming_mmc_devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00100000 system.dtb||echo"system.dtb not found"fatload${devtype}${ming_mmc_devnum}:${distro_bootpart}0x00800000 system.bit&&fpga loadb00x00800000${filesize}bootz 0x00200000 - 0x00100000exitfiiftest"${boot_target}"="nand"||test"${boot_target}"="nand0";thennand infoiftest"image.ub"="image.ub";thennandread0x10000000 0x1000000 0x6400000;bootm 0x10000000;exit;fiiftest"image.ub"="uImage";thennandread0x00200000 0x1000000 0x3200000;nandread0x04000000 0x4600000 0x3200000;bootm 0x00200000 0x04000000 0x00100000exit;fifidone对emmc进行分区 emmc_partition.sh
分区1 fat32 100M ,剩余部分为ext4
/dev/mmcblk1p2 7.0G 744.5M 5.9G 11% /media/sd-mmcblk1p2
/dev/mmcblk1p1 98.5M 8.1M 90.3M 8% /media/sd-mmcblk1p1
#!/bin/sheMMC_DEVICE="/dev/mmcblk1"umount"${eMMC_DEVICE}p1"2>/dev/nullumount"${eMMC_DEVICE}p2"2>/dev/nullif[!-b"$eMMC_DEVICE"];thenecho"$eMMC_DEVICEnot found!"exit1fifdisk"$eMMC_DEVICE"<<EOF o n p 1 +100M n p 2 w EOFblockdev--rereadpt"${eMMC_DEVICE}"mkfs.vfat-F32"${eMMC_DEVICE}p1"mkfs.ext4"${eMMC_DEVICE}p2"fdisk-l"$eMMC_DEVICE"copy_net_boot_to_qspi.sh
把nfs里的z8_boot/BOOT.BIN 拷贝qspiFlash
#!/bin/shecho"##############################################"echo"########## COPY BOOT TO Flash QSPI #########"echo"##############################################"echo""boot=/opt/z8_boot/BOOT.BINif[!-f${boot}];thenecho"ERROR:${boot}file does not exist!"exit1fiecho"Erase partition /dev/mtd0"flash_erase /dev/mtd000flashcp${boot}/dev/mtd0echo"########## Complete ##########"echo"##############################################"第1步, 用vitis把BOOT.bin 烧录到SpiFlash
这里的BOOT.bin和zynq_fsbl.elf用的是petalinux工程中，用petalinux-build生成的
拷贝一份文件到windows里
cdD:\home\wpf\workspace\output\z82_20260212_outputscp-rwpf@192.168.3.4:/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/output/z82_20260212_output ./ls目录: D:\home\wpf\workspace\output\z82_20260212_output Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- -a----2026/3/3117:06848028BOOT.BIN -a----2026/3/3117:062915boot.scr -a----2026/3/3117:064045674system.bit -a----2026/3/3117:0621501system.dtb -a----2026/3/3117:063617968zImage -a----2026/3/3117:06551764zynq_fsbl.elf在vitis操作
通过bat脚本操作
zynq_qspi_program_flash.bat
@echo offcd/d D:\Xilinx\Vitis\2020.2\bin program_flash ^-fD:\home\wpf\workspace\output\z82_20260325_output\BOOT.BIN ^-offset0^-flash_typeqspi-x4-single ^-fsblD:\home\wpf\workspace\output\z82_20260325_output\zynq_fsbl.elf ^-blank_check^-verify^-cabletypexilinx_tcf url TCP:127.0.0.1:3121 pause执行脚本
PS D:\home>.\zynq_qspi_program_flash.bat ****** Xilinx Program Flash ****** Program Flash v2020.2(64-bit)**** SW Build3064766on Wed Nov1809:12:45 MST2020** Copyright1986-2020 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved. WARNING: Failed to connect to hw_server at TCP:127.0.0.1:3121 Attempting to launch hw_server at TCP:127.0.0.1:3121 Connected to hw_server @ TCP:127.0.0.1:3121 Available targets and devices: Target0:jsn-JTAG-SMT2-C305BBD6ABCD Device0: jsn-JTAG-SMT2-C305BBD6ABCD-4ba00477-0 Retrieving Flash info... Initialization done, programming the memory Using default mini u-boot imagefile- D:/Xilinx/Vitis/2020.2/data\xicom\cfgmem\uboot\zynq_qspi_x4_single.bin=====mrd->addr=0xF800025C,data=0x00000000=====BOOT_MODE REG=0x00000000 Downloading FSBL... Running FSBL... Finished running FSBL.=====mrd->addr=0xF8000110,data=0x000FA220=====READ: ARM_PLL_CFG(0xF8000110)=0x000FA220=====mrd->addr=0xF8000100,data=0x00028008=====READ: ARM_PLL_CTRL(0xF8000100)=0x00028008=====mrd->addr=0xF8000120,data=0x1F000200=====READ: ARM_CLK_CTRL(0xF8000120)=0x1F000200=====mrd->addr=0xF8000118,data=0x001452C0=====READ: IO_PLL_CFG(0xF8000118)=0x001452C0=====mrd->addr=0xF8000108,data=0x0001E008=====READ: IO_PLL_CTRL(0xF8000108)=0x0001E008 Info: Remapping 256KB of on-chip-memory RAM memory to 0xFFFC0000.=====mrd->addr=0xF8000008,data=0x00000000==========mwr->addr=0xF8000008,data=0x0000DF0D=====MASKWRITE:addr=0xF8000008,mask=0x0000FFFF,newData=0x0000DF0D=====mwr->addr=0xF8000910,data=0x000001FF==========mrd->addr=0xF8000004,data=0x00000000==========mwr->addr=0xF8000004,data=0x0000767B=====MASKWRITE:addr=0xF8000004,mask=0x0000FFFF,newData=0x0000767B U-Boot2020.01-00107-g4a29a62(Oct132020-16:46:21 -0600)Model: Zynq CSE QSPI SINGLE Board DRAM:256KiB WARNING: Caches not enabled In: dcc Out: dcc Err: dcc Zynq>sf probe000Warning: SPI speed fallback to100kHz SF: Detected w25q32 with page size256Bytes, erase size64KiB, total4MiB Zynq>Sector size=65536. f probe000Performing Erase Operation... sf erase0D0000 SF:851968bytes @ 0x0 Erased: OK Zynq>Erase Operation successful. INFO:[Xicom50-44]Elapsedtime=3sec. Performing Blank Check Operation...0%...sfreadFFFC0000010000Total of61596byte(s)were the same Zynq>INFO:[Xicom50-44]Elapsedtime=5sec. Verify Operation successful. Flash Operation Successful第2步, SPI模式启动,进入u-boot
U-Boot2020.01(Apr242025- 00:46:36 +0000)CPU: Zynq 7z020 Silicon: v3.1 DRAM: ECC disabled1GiB Flash:0Bytes NAND:0MiB MMC: mmc@e0100000:0, mmc@e0101000:1Loading Environment from SPI Flash... SF: Detected w25q32 with page size256Bytes, erase size4KiB, total4MiB OK In: serial@e0000000 Out: serial@e0000000 Err: serial@e0000000 Net: ZYNQ GEM: e000b000, mdio bus e000b000, phyaddr -1, interface rgmii-id Warning: ethernet@e000b000 MAC addresses don't match: AddressinDT is 00:0a:35:00:1e:53 Addressinenvironment is 00:0a:35:00:1e:56 eth0: ethernet@e000b000 ZYNQ GEM: e000c000, mdio bus e000c000, phyaddr -1, interface gmii Could not get PHYforeth1: addr-1Hit any key to stop autoboot:0Zynq>第3步, tftp下载必要文件并挂载nfs启动
setenv ipaddr192.168.3.211 setenv serverip192.168.3.4 setenv gatewayip192.168.3.1 setenv netmask255.255.255.0 setenv bootargs"console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.3.4:/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/z8_rootfs,nfsvers=3 ip=192.168.3.211:192.168.3.4:192.168.3.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off"tftpboot 0x00200000 zImage tftpboot 0x00100000 system.dtb tftpboot 0x00800000 system.bit fpga loadb00x00800000$filesize;bootz 0x00200000 - 0x00100000第4步 emmc分区
/opt/image/emmc_partition.sh第5步 拷贝文件到emmc
把 /opt/z8_boot/* 拷贝到 emmc第1分区
cp/opt/z8_boot/* /media/sd-mmcblk1p1/把根文件系统解压到emmc第2分区
在板子上解压(极慢可行)
tar-zxvf/opt/z8_root_fs/z8_rootfs_clean.tar.gz-C/media/sd-mmcblk1p2/sync拷贝emmc第2分区的优化方案
制作 p2_rootfs.img镜像直接 dd全量写入emmc第二个分区
p2_rootfs.img的制作（PC上）
# 1. 创建空镜像mkdir-p/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/imagessudoddif=/dev/zeroof=/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/images/p2_rootfs.imgbs=1Mcount=2000# 2. 格式化sudomkfs.ext4 /home/wpf/workspace/nfs/images/p2_rootfs.img# 3. 挂载sudomkdir-p/mnt/p2_tmpsudomount-oloop /home/wpf/workspace/nfs/images/p2_rootfs.img /mnt/p2_tmp# 4. 复制rootfssudocp-a/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/z8_rootfs/. /mnt/p2_tmp/\--exclude=proc\--exclude=sys\--exclude=dev\--exclude=run# 5. 卸载sudoumount/mnt/p2_tmp# 6. 确认ls-lh/home/wpf/workspace/nfs/images/p2_rootfs.img# 检查制作的镜像init是否存在，两个文件都存在再继续。sudomount-oloop /home/wpf/workspace/nfs/images/p2_rootfs.img /mnt/p2_tmpls-la/mnt/p2_tmp/sbin/initls-la/mnt/p2_tmp/bin/shsudoumount/mnt/p2_tmpnfs启动后在板子上执行
# 卸载p2umount/dev/mmcblk1p2# dd写入ddif=/opt/p2_rootfs.imgof=/dev/mmcblk1p2bs=4M# 挂载p2mount/dev/mmcblk1p2 /media/sd-mmcblk1p2ls/media/sd-mmcblk1p2sync# 重启reboot第5步的一键脚本
copy_all_to_emmc.sh
#!/bin/shEMMC=/dev/mmcblk1umount${EMMC}p12>/dev/nullumount${EMMC}p22>/dev/null# 1. 分区fdisk"$EMMC"<<EOF o n p 1 +100M n p 2 w EOFblockdev--rereadpt$EMMC# 2. 格式化p1mkfs.vfat-F32${EMMC}p1# 3. dd写p2ddif=/opt/p2_rootfs.imgof=${EMMC}p2bs=4M# 4. 扩展p2 ext4到7GBresize2fs /dev/mmcblk1p2# 5. 挂载p1，拷贝boot文件mkdir-p/media/sd-mmcblk1p1mount${EMMC}p1 /media/sd-mmcblk1p1cp/opt/z8_boot/* /media/sd-mmcblk1p1/syncecho"success, restart"第6步 在u-boot里更正bootargs
setenv bootargs'console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4 earlyprintk'saveenv
