一、最简版本(适合新手)
import lombok.Getter; /** * 业务异常 - 最简单版本 */ @Getter public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException { private final Integer code; // 错误码 // 构造方法1:指定错误码和消息 public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) { super(message); this.code = code; } // 构造方法2:只传消息,默认500错误码 public BusinessException(String message) { this(500, message); } }二、稍微丰富版本(推荐)
import lombok.Getter; /** * 业务异常 - 常用版本 */ @Getter public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException { private final Integer code; // 常用状态码定义 public static final Integer BAD_REQUEST = 400; // 请求参数错误 public static final Integer UNAUTHORIZED = 401; // 未授权 public static final Integer FORBIDDEN = 403; // 禁止访问 public static final Integer NOT_FOUND = 404; // 资源不存在 // 常用构造方法 public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) { super(message); this.code = code; } public BusinessException(String message) { this(500, message); } // 快速创建方法(静态工厂方法) public static BusinessException badRequest(String message) { return new BusinessException(BAD_REQUEST, message); } public static BusinessException notFound(String resourceName) { return new BusinessException(NOT_FOUND, resourceName + "不存在"); } public static BusinessException forbidden() { return new BusinessException(FORBIDDEN, "无权限访问"); } }三、配合枚举使用
// 1. 先定义错误枚举 @Getter public enum ErrorCode { SUCCESS(200, "成功"), PARAM_ERROR(400, "参数错误"), UNAUTHORIZED(401, "未登录"), FORBIDDEN(403, "无权限"), NOT_FOUND(404, "资源不存在"), USER_NOT_FOUND(40401, "用户不存在"), SYSTEM_ERROR(500, "系统错误"); private final Integer code; private final String message; ErrorCode(Integer code, String message) { this.code = code; this.message = message; } } // 2. 修改异常类 @Getter public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException { private final Integer code; // 使用枚举构造 public BusinessException(ErrorCode errorCode) { super(errorCode.getMessage()); this.code = errorCode.getCode(); } // 自定义消息 public BusinessException(ErrorCode errorCode, String customMessage) { super(customMessage); this.code = errorCode.getCode(); } }四、实际使用例子
@Service public class UserService { public User getUserById(Long id) { User user = userRepository.findById(id); // 情况1:直接抛异常 if (user == null) { throw new BusinessException(404, "用户不存在"); } // 情况2:使用快速方法 if (user.getStatus() == 0) { throw BusinessException.forbidden(); } // 情况3:使用枚举 if (user.getBalance() < 0) { throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PARAM_ERROR, "余额不能为负"); } return user; } public void transfer(Long fromId, Long toId, BigDecimal amount) { // 使用连串校验 User fromUser = userRepository.findById(fromId) .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)); if (fromUser.getBalance().compareTo(amount) < 0) { throw new BusinessException(400, "余额不足"); } // 业务逻辑... } }五、全局异常处理
@RestControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class) public Result<?> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e) { // 统一返回格式 return Result.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage()); } @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public Result<?> handleOtherException(Exception e) { // 其他异常 log.error("系统异常", e); return Result.error(500, "系统异常"); } } // 统一返回结果 @Data class Result<T> { private Integer code; private String message; private T data; public static <T> Result<T> success(T data) { Result<T> result = new Result<>(); result.code = 200; result.message = "成功"; result.data = data; return result; } public static <T> Result<T> error(Integer code, String message) { Result<T> result = new Result<>(); result.code = code; result.message = message; return result; } }六、总结要点
最简写法(记住这个就行):
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException { private Integer code; public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) { super(message); this.code = code; } }使用三部曲:
定义异常类(上面代码)
在需要的地方抛出
if (条件不满足) { throw new BusinessException(400, "错误信息"); }全局处理(返回统一格式)
记住几个常用错误码:
400:参数错误401:未登录403:无权限404:不存在500:系统错误