摘要
在应急救援工作中，救援人员面临着复杂多变的危险环境，对实时状态监测、快速预警及高效求救的需求日益迫切。传统救援头盔仅能提供基础防护，缺乏对环境参数、人体状态的实时感知与智能响应能力，难以满足高风险救援场景下的安全保障要求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能化应急救援头盔系统，整合了 MQ-135 有害气体传感器、MLX90614 体温检测模块、心率检测模块、GPS 定位模块、光敏电阻、MPU6050 姿态传感器、超声波模块、按键、OLED 显示屏及 GSM 模块等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过 MQ-135 检测环境中有害气体浓度；借助 MLX90614 和心率检测模块实时获取用户体温与心率；利用 GPS 模块获取当前位置经纬度；通过光敏电阻监测环境光照，当光照较低时自动开启照明灯；通过 MPU6050 检测用户是否跌倒，若跌倒 30 秒未起身则触发 GSM 模块发送求救短信；利用超声波模块检测后方来车并在 OLED 显示 “后方来车” 预警；通过按键可设置光照最小值阈值及手动发送求救短信；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项测量数据及系统状态。
该系统的实现，显著提升了应急救援头盔的智能化水平，实现了对救援人员所处环境与自身状态的全方位实时监测、主动预警及快速求救，为救援人员的生命安全提供了多重保障，同时也为应急救援指挥提供了精准的现场信息，具有重要的实际应用价值和推广前景。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能化应急救援头盔；多参数监测；跌倒检测；GPS 定位；OLED 显示
ABSTRACT
In emergency rescue work, rescuers are faced with complex and changeable dangerous environments, and the demand for real-time status monitoring, rapid early warning and efficient rescue is increasingly urgent. Traditional rescue helmets can only provide basic protection, lacking real-time perception and intelligent response capabilities to environmental parameters and human status, making it difficult to meet the safety requirements in high-risk rescue scenarios.
The intelligent emergency rescue helmet system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as MQ-135 harmful gas sensor, MLX90614 temperature detection module, heart rate detection module, GPS positioning module, photoresistor, MPU6050 attitude sensor, ultrasonic module, buttons, OLED display and GSM module, and realizes several core functions: detecting the concentration of harmful gases in the environment through MQ-135; real-time obtaining the user's body temperature and heart rate with the help of MLX90614 and heart rate detection module; acquiring the current position's longitude and latitude by GPS module; monitoring ambient light through photoresistor, and automatically turning on the lighting when the light is low; detecting whether the user falls through MPU6050, and triggering the GSM module to send a distress SMS if the user does not get up 30 seconds after falling; using the ultrasonic module to detect oncoming vehicles from behind and displaying "Vehicles approaching from behind" on the OLED; setting the minimum light threshold and manually sending distress SMS through buttons; the OLED display shows various measurement data and system status in real time.
The realization of this system has significantly improved the intelligence level of emergency rescue helmets, realized comprehensive real-time monitoring, active early warning and rapid rescue of the environment and physical status of rescuers, provided multiple guarantees for the life safety of rescuers, and also provided accurate on-site information for emergency rescue command, which has important practical application value and promotion prospects.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent emergency rescue helmet; Multi-parameter monitoring; Fall detection; GPS positioning; OLED display
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 有害气体检测模块选择
2.1.3 体温检测模块选择
2.1.4 心率检测模块选择
2.1.5 GPS 定位模块选择
2.1.6 光照检测与照明模块选择
2.1.7 跌倒检测模块选择
2.1.8 超声波模块选择
2.1.9 显示与按键模块选择
2.1.10 短信发送模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 有害气体检测模块电路
3.3 体温与心率检测模块电路
3.4 GPS 定位模块电路
3.5 光照检测与照明模块电路
3.6 跌倒检测模块电路
3.7 超声波模块电路
3.8 按键与显示模块电路
3.9 4G 通信模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.7 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.8 GPS模块子流程设计
4.9 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.10 超声波检测模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 有害气体检测模块功能测试
5.3 体温与心率检测模块功能测试
5.4 4G通信模块功能测试
5.5 光照检测与照明模块功能测试
5.6 跌倒检测模块功能测试
5.7 超声波与按键模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
