摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，建筑工地的环境问题日益突出。粉尘污染和噪声污染不仅对施工人员的健康构成威胁，也对周边居民的生活质量产生负面影响。传统的环境监测手段往往依赖人工巡查或固定设备，存在数据滞后、实时性差、缺乏远程控制能力等问题。因此，设计一种智能化、实时化的建筑工地环境监测系统具有重要的现实意义。
本设计基于嵌入式单片机技术，构建了一套多功能的建筑工地环境监测系统。系统通过GP2Y10粉尘传感器实时监测环境中的粉尘浓度，当检测值超过预设的最大值时，自动触发声光报警，并联动控制雾化器启动降尘；同时，利用噪声模块监测环境噪声水平，当噪声值超过设定阈值时，系统同样发出声光报警提醒。此外，系统通过OLED显示屏直观呈现当前粉尘浓度和噪声强度，便于现场人员实时查看。为提高系统的灵活性，设计了按键模块，允许用户根据实际需求动态调整粉尘和噪声的最大值。进一步地，系统集成WiFi模块，将监测数据实时上传至阿里云平台，用户可通过手机远程查看数据、调整参数，并远程控制外设设备。
该系统通过硬件与软件的协同设计，实现了对建筑工地环境的实时监测与智能控制。其作用主要体现在三个方面：一是有效改善工地环境质量，降低粉尘和噪声对人员健康的危害；二是提升管理效率，通过远程监控和自动化控制减少人工干预；三是为建筑行业的绿色施工和智能化管理提供了技术支持，具有广泛的应用前景和推广价值。
关键词：建筑工地；环境监测；单片机；WiFi
Abstract
As urbanization accelerates, environmental issues at construction sites have become increasingly prominent. Dust and noise pollution not only pose a threat to the health of workers but also negatively impact the quality of life for nearby residents. Traditional environmental monitoring methods often rely on manual inspections or fixed equipment, which suffer from data lag, poor real-time performance, and a lack of remote control capabilities. Therefore, designing an intelligent and real-time construction site environmental monitoring system is of great practical significance.
This design is based on embedded microcontroller technology and constructs a multifunctional construction site environmental monitoring system. The system uses GP2Y10 dust sensors to monitor the dust concentration in real time. When the detected value exceeds the preset maximum, it automatically triggers an audio-visual alarm and controls the atomizer to start dust suppression. At the same time, a noise module monitors the ambient noise level. If the noise level exceeds the set threshold, the system also issues an audio-visual alarm as a reminder. Additionally, the system displays the current dust concentration and noise intensity intuitively through an OLED screen, making it easy for on-site personnel to check in real time. To enhance the flexibility of the system, a button module is designed, allowing users to dynamically adjust the maximum values for dust and noise according to actual needs. Furthermore, the system integrates a WiFi module to upload monitoring data in real time to the Alibaba Cloud platform. Users can remotely view data, adjust parameters, and control peripheral devices via their mobile phones.
The system achieves real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the construction site environment through the collaborative design of hardware and software. Its functions are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, it effectively improves the quality of the construction site environment, reducing the harm of dust and noise to human health; Second, it enhances management efficiency by reducing manual intervention through remote monitoring and automated control; Third, it provides technical support for green construction and intelligent management in the construction industry, with broad application prospects and promotion value.
Keywords：Construction site; environmental monitoring; microcontroller; WiFi
目 录
1 绪论
1.1课题研究背景及意义
1.1.1课题研究背景
1.1.2 课题研究意义
1.2 课题国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3课题研究来源及内容
1.3.1 课题研究来源
1.3.2 课题研究内容
2 系统设计
2.1 系统架构
2.2 功能模块选型
2.2.1 控制主芯片模块
2.2.2 粉尘检测模块
2.2.3 声音模拟量检测模块
2.2.4 无线通信WIFI模块
2.2.5 继电器模块
2.2.6 显示模块
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 STM32F103C8T6主芯片模块
3.2 GP2Y1014AU粉尘检测模块
3.3 SY声音模拟量检测模块
3.4 ESP8266无线通信WiFi模块
3.5 SRD-05VDC-SL-C继电器模块
3.6 OLED显示模块
4 系统软件设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物测试
5.1 实物测试步骤详情
5.2 实物测试结果分析
总结
谢 辞
参考文献
附录1：原理图
附录2：PCB板
附录2：程序
